A similar theory applies in place-value notations that uses a base apart from 10, including binary and hexadecimal. The modern use of 0 in this way derives from Indian mathematics that was transmitted to Europe by using medieval Islamic mathematicians and popularized by Fibonacci. It had been independently used https://financefeeds.com/global-fx-market-summary-conflict-between-israel-and-iran-fed-ecb-economic-data-16-june-2025/