You will need the adobe Acrobat reader to view the doc because the manual is pdf format. In case your Laptop or computer don’t have this application you can down load and install it free from adobe acrobat Site. They appear to operate reverse to hay canine. I have http://emilioiueqb.newsbloger.com/16129650/welger-ap-45-d-parts-manual-no-further-a-mystery